קטגוריה:קצרמר ספרות

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קטגוריה:קצרמר

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קטגוריה:ספרות

ספרות הוא שם כולל ליצירות אומנותיות המובעות באמצעות מלל מודפס. שלא כמו המוסיקה או הציור, אומנויות שבהן היצירה מובעת באמצעות צליל או צבע. ביצירה ספרותית ישנן דמויות ספרותיות שהן פרי המצאתו של הסופר, כמו באגדה או במשל, או שהן מציאותיות וקיימות, כמו בביוגרפיה או ביומן.

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קטגוריה:מדעי הרוח קטגוריה:תרבות ja:Category:文学 ko:분류:문학 zh-min-nan:Category:Bûn-ha̍k

Sir William Dobell

Sir William Dobell (24 September 1899 - 13 May 1970) was an Australian artist (sculptor and painter). The Electoral Division of Dobell is named after him.

Early years and training

William Dobell was born in Cooks Hill, a working class neighbourhood of Newcastle, New South Wales. His father was a builder and there were six children. Dobell's artistic talents were evident early. In 1916 he was apprenticed to Newcastle architect, Wallace L. Porter and in 1924 he moved to Sydney as a draftsman. In 1925 he enrolled in evening art classes at Julian Ashton's School and was influenced by George Lambert. In 1929 Dobell was awarded the Society of Artists' Travelling Scholarship and travelled to England to the Slade School where he studied under Wilson Steer, Henry Tonks and William Orpen. In 1930 Dobell won first prize for figure painting at Slade and also travelled to Poland. In 1931 Dobell travelled to Belgium and Paris, and then returned to Australia from England.

Work

Paris In 1939 he began as a part-time teacher at East Sydney Technical College. In 1941 Dobell was drafted into the Civil Construction Corps of the Allied Works Council as a camouflage painter; he later became an unofficial war artist. In 1944 Dobell had his first solo exhibition including public collection loans at the inauguration of the David Jones' Art Gallery, Sydney. In 1949 he visited New Guinea as a guest of Sir Edward Hallstrom with writers Frank Clame and Colin Simpson. The trip inspired a new series of tiny, brilliantly coloured landscapes. In 1950 he revisited New Guinea and on his return to Wangi he continued to paint scenes of New Guinea, as well as portraits. Between 1960 and 1963 Time magazine commissioned Dobell to paint four portraits for covers, one per year, of: Rt. Hon. Robert Menzies, Prime Minister of Australia; South Vietnam's President Ngo Dinh Diem; Frederick G. Donner, the Chairman of General Motors; and Tunku Abdul Rahman, Prime Minister of Malaysia. In 1964 Dobell exhibited in a major retrospective at the Art Gallery of New South Wales and the first monograph of his work was written by James Gleeson.

Prizes and honours

In 1943, Dobell's work of Joshua Smith "Portrait of an artist" was awarded the Archibald Prize. This was contested in 1944 by two unsuccessful artists who brought a lawsuit against Dobell and the Gallery's Board of Trustees in the Supreme Court of New South Wales. The award was upheld but the ordeal left Dobell an emotionally disturbed and he retreated in 1945 to his sister's home at Wangi Wangi on Lake Macquarie, where he began to paint landscapes. Dobell did not like fame and it nearly destroyed him. In 1948 Dobell entered "Margaret Olley" in the Archibald and won; he also won the Wynne prize for "Storm approaching Wangi". In 1959 Dobell again won the Archibald for "Dr E. G. MacMahon". Dobell was awarded an Order of the British Empire in 1965 and was Knighted in 1966.

Legacy

He died in 1970 at Wangi. On 19 January, 1971 The Sir William Dobell Art Foundation was formed and became the sole beneficiary of the artist's estate.

Analysis

Dobell's style is unique in being able to adapt to suit the character of his subject. This was best described by James Gleeson; "One of the astonishing things about Dobell's portraiture is his ability to adjust his style to the nature of the personality he is portraying.... If the character of his sitter is broad and generous, he paints broadly and generously. If the character is contained and inward looking, he uses brushstrokes that convey this fact. In his later portraits one has only to look at a few square inches of a painted sleeve to know what sort of person is wearing it." This chameleon-like ability made his work vary from Impressionism to Expressionism. What typifies Dobell's work is the elongation or dramaticisation of features of his models or the landscape. This led to the Joshua Smith portrait being called a 'caricature' or 'cartoon' (the Archibald is a 'portrait' competition) in the court case. Dobell was capable of displaying crisp objectiveness one moment and fleshy satire which reflected a subjective, somewhat darker view of the world the next. His works include portraits, figures and landscapes. He was and remains arguably Australia's most talented and successful portrait artist. Among private and other public holdings, examples of Dobell's work are exhibited in the Newcastle Region Art Gallery, the Art Gallery of New South Wales, and the National Gallery of Australia in Canberra. His sensibilities for painting males was almost certainly influenced by his homosexuality; however, this is scarcely mentioned in the literature and was not widely known know much less discussed during his lifetime. Yet, his early male nude studies and paintings illustrate this aspect of his work: Notable are 'The Strapper' (1941), and particularly 'The Billy Boy' (1943) with one of Dobell's most iconic references to homosexuality in which the torso of laborer Joseph Westcott has his flabby flesh barely covered by a thin, loose, white singlet.

Exhibitions

The following are Dobell's Solo Exhibitions:
- 1942 'Margaret Preston and William Dobell loan exhibition' Art Gallery of New South Wales, 19 March-16 April
- 1944 'William Dobell', David Jones' Art Gallery, Sydney, 1-26 August
- 1954 'William Dobell, exhibition of paintings', David Jones' Art Gallery, 27 January-17 February
- 1959 'The Art of William Dobell' National Gallery Society of Queensland, Finney Isles Gallery, Brisbane, August-September
- 1960 'William Dobell', War Memorial Gallery of Fine Arts, The University of Sydney, 12-27 April
- 1960 'William Dobell', Museum of Modern Art of Australia, Melbourne, 17 May-10 June
- 1960 'Dobell loan exhibition', Newcastle City Art Gallery, 22 June-30 July
- 1960 'Ten Dobell portraits', David Jones Art Gallery, Sydney, 4-16 July
- 1960 'Paintings and Drawings by William Dobell', John Martin and Co., Adelaide, Adelaide Festival of the Arts
- 1964 'William Dobell paintings from 1926-1964', Art Gallery of New South Wales, 15 July-30 August
- 1964 'William Dobell exhibitions', Bendigo Art Gallery, Victoria, November
- 1965 'William Dobell, first London exhibition', Commonwealth Arts Festival, QANTAS Gallery, London, 16 Sept.-2 Oct.
- 1970 'Sir William Dobell recent paintings', Newcastle City Art Gallery, 3-26 April
- 1970 'Paintings and Drawings by Sir William Dobell', Girl Guides Association of New South Wales, Robert Wardrop Galleries, Sydney, 26 September-1 October
- 1985 'William Dobell. The Painting of a Portrait', Lake Macquarie Community Gallery, 7 February-10 March; S. H. Ervin Gallery, 21 March-28 April
- 1993 'William Dobell exhibitions', David Jones Art Gallery, 1-21 April
- 1997-1998 'William Dobell; the painter's progress,' The Art Gallery of New South Wales, 14 February-27 April 97; Newcastle Region Art Gallery, 7 May-6 July 97; Museum of Modern Art at Heide, Melbourne, 29 July-21 September 97; Queensland Art Gallery, 25 October-7 December 97; Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery, 8 January-1 March 98

External links

- [http://www.geocities.com/Paris/Metro/5252/dobell.htm biography] Dobell, William Dobell, William Dobell, William Dobell, William Dobell, William

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